a ) GUTENBERG 'S BIBLE
His greatest work, the 42-line bible, is named after the number of lines per column. Printed at the rate of 300 pages per day, each bible in the Gutenberg edition of 200 consisted of over 600 pages bound into two volume sets. When the project was weel into the second year, Fust sued Gutenberg for repayment of the loans, plus interest.
The intention of early printers was to make their was to make their books resemble manuscripts letters as closely as possible. Guterberg based his letterforms on the liturgical scripts of his era, Textura Quadrata, a form of Blackletter .
b ) THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE INFLUENCE ON MATEL TYPE
When the German printing capital, Mainz, was sacked in 1462 many printers fled to new fashioned their work to follow the Renaissance movement and the Humanistic Handwriting influences.
Two German print refuges were Conrad Sweynheym and Conrad Pannartz, (thought to have been associated with Gutenberg's business partner, Schoeffler) who set up the first press in Italy at the Benedictine Monastery of Subiaco. Sweynheim, an engraver, was most likely the punch cutter. His designs were influenced by the calligraphic style of the Italian Humanists - yet still retained influence from the Gothic - hybrid or semi - humanistic form.
By 1467 the pai moved to Rome where, based in the DeMassimi Palace, continued printing with increasingly more Humanistic influences until 1473.
c) TYPOGRAPHY OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
The typographic book came to Italy from Germany as a manuscript-style book printed with movable types.
Italian printers and scholars rethought type design, page layout, ornaments, illustration, and even the total design of the book.
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